Upcycling of Wastewater Sludge Incineration Ash as a 3D Printing Technology Resource

Recycling of usable resources from waste must be prioritized to adhere the circular economy policy implemented worldwide. This study aims use wastewater sludge incineration ash (WSIA), which is a by-product treatment processes, in 3D printing industry as sustainable material. First, we explored stability incinerated generated facility Seoul by evaluating its physical (water content, organic matter and particle size) chemical (oxide compound composition) characteristics. Composition ratios predominant oxides silicon (SiO 2 ), aluminum (Al O 3 phosphorous (P 5 iron (Fe calcium (CaO) were stable for 6 months. finding indicates potential commercially viable powder-bed printed geopolymer. We then examined optimal ratio admixtures between ultrarapid hardening cement following post-treatment process method curing stage. The composite material made with 25% WSIA exhibited during stage using alkaline solutions, compressive strength water absorption accordance values recommended Korean Standard decorative concrete blocks (KS F 4038). Additionally, geopolymer prototype was produced. To support efficient upcycling WSIA, long-term environmental functional monitoring final product, effects sizes, times further investigated reduce costs.